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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Take the CME quiz: Vol. 17 No. 6, June 2007 Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services E-mail this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to My File Cabinet Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Aldous, M. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Aldous, M. Related Collections Weighing the Evidence

AAP Grand Rounds 17:64 (2007)
© 2007 American Academy of Pediatrics

Weighing the Evidence: Relatives, Absolutes, and the Number Needed to Treat

Interpretation of "significant" research findings can be challenging. Outcome differences can be reported in relative or absolute terms. Belshe et al reported that children who received live attenuated influenza vaccine had a 3.9% risk of influenza during the subsequent season, while children who received inactivated influenza vaccine had an 8.6% risk. This difference in influenza rates can be expressed as the absolute risk reduction (ARR), also known as risk difference, which is simply the arithmetic difference between the outcome rates in the treatment and comparison groups (ARR = 8.6% – 3.9% = 4.7%).

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